• Designing databases at both the conceptual and logical levels
• Programing the database
• Database performance tuning and optimization
• Designing a Database Strategy
• Designing Database Tables
• Designing Programming Objects
• Designing a Transaction and Concurrency Strategy
• Designing an XML Strategy
• Designing Queries for Performance
• Designing a Database for Optimal Performance
• Writing transact SQL queries
• Troubleshooting programming objects, for example, stored procedures, triggers, user-defined functions (UDFs), user-defined types (UDTs), and queries
• Implementing databases at the physical level
• Designing and troubleshooting the data access layer of the application

>

• Identify the risks.
• Prepare plans for risk communication.
• Understand risks and stakeholders management.
• Manage risks and project changes.
• Analyze risks.
• Plan risk responses.
• Implement contingency responses.
• Manage the risk plan.
• Implement issues related to risk.
• Understand the principles involved in risk governance.

>

1. Client/Server Concepts
2. The mysql Client Program
3. Connectors
4. Data Types
5. Identifiers
6. Databases
7. Tables and Indexes
8. Querying for Data
9. SQL Expressions
10. Updating Data

>

1. Define and execute PL/SQL blocks.
2. Use %TYPE attribute to define the datatypes of variables.

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3. Insert, update, delete, and query data from tables with the help of PL/SQL programs.
4. Practice defining and raising exceptions in PL/SQL programs.
5. Create and execute procedures.
6. Create and execute functions.
7. Invoke functions in SQL expressions.
8. Create packages.
9. Invoke a user defined package function from a SQL statement.
10. Create different types of database triggers.
11. Invoke stored procedures from within database triggers.
12. Use conditional predicates and OLD and NEW qualifiers in database triggers.
13. Create triggers on system events such as LOGON and LOGOFF.

>

To pass this exam, a candidate must practice the following:

1. Analyze working environment of an organization and choose a deployment method of Vista accordingly.
2. Prepare a system for either a clean installation or an upgrade.
3. Install Vista through custom image.
4. Troubleshoot any post deployment issues.
5. Configure and troubleshoot security for Windows Internet Explorer 7+.
6. Troubleshoot Windows firewall and defender issues.
7. Configure access to resources.
8. Troubleshoot group policy settings.
9. Configure and manage the task scheduler.
10. Configure and troubleshoot network protocols.
11. Configure network security.
12. Configure and troubleshoot network connectivity issues.
13. Manage desktop applications.
14. Apply security patches and updates.
15. Configure and troubleshoot Event Forwarding.

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• Use the SELECT statement along with its various functions.
• Use conversion functions.
• Create schema objects.
• Use the GROUP function with all its possible clauses.
• Use SQL and iSQL*Plus statements.
• Use equi-joins, non-equi-joins, self joins, and outer joins.
• Generate Cartesian products from tables.
• Use sub queries.
• Perform FLASHBACK operations.
• Use GROUPING and GROUPING SETS functions.

>



]]> http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-oracle-test-1z0-051.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/certification-article-for-oca-dba-10g.html http://examdirectory.com/certification-article-for-oca-dba-10g.html#comments Wed, 28 Oct 2009 11:17:09 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/certification-article-for-oca-dba-10g.html What is OCA DBA (10g) certification?

OCA DBA (10g) certification is the most fundamental and entrance level certification on DBA track on 10g platform. Its objectives are intended to measure a candidate’s ability to work as a junior team member with Database Administrators or Application Developers. This certification is the first step towards the more advanced OCP – 10g certification. The certification requires the comprehensive skills in the following areas:

• The architecture of Oracle 10g
• Installation of Oracle 10g
• Administration of administrative tools

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• Configuration of Oracle network environment
• Managing the schema objects
• Management of undo data
• Implementation of the database security
• Movement of data between databases or within the database

The core test of OCA DBA (10g)

OCA DBA 10g is an entry-level qualification that requires completion of only one test (1z0-042).

1z0-042: Oracle 10g Administration-I

What is 1z0-042: Oracle 10g Administration-I test?

Oracle’s 1Z0-042 test is designed to measure your skills and knowledge of the installation, management and maintenance of Oracle10g databases. After passing the test, you will achieve Oracle OCA DBA 10g certification. This test is also a requirement to pursue the more advanced OCP certification.

Benefits of OCA DBA 10g

The demand of Oracle professional is growing incredibly. Therefore, OCA DBA 10g is a token to the world of your expertise in administrating a database. Earning the certificate of OCA DBA proves that the candidate is professionally serious. By earning the OCA level credential, one increases the chance of entry level job opportunities in reputed firms.

Job roles of OCA DBA 10g

The job roles for OCA DBA 10g certified professionals are listed below:

• Database Administrator
• Database Analyst
• Database Developer

How uCertify helps you get OCA DBA 10g (1z0-042)?

uCertify provides quality practice software to qualify OCA DBA 10g (1z0-042) certification. The preparation kit prepares a candidate for the real test environment. The practice questions include analysis of the correct answer along with incorrect answer options too. uCertify also provides study notes that will help to understand the key concepts that are included in the test. The practice test also includes full length articles, interactive quizzes, tips, and how to’s that will provide enough insight to learn for the certification exam. One can also create their own test based on their strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, uCertify is the ultimate resource to gain OCA DBA 10g certificate.

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>



]]> http://examdirectory.com/certification-article-for-oca-dba-10g.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-528-csharp.html http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-528-csharp.html#comments Sat, 10 Oct 2009 09:48:49 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-528-csharp.html The 70-528 test measures an individual’s ability to develop and implement ASP.NET Web applications using .NET Framework 2.0. Before taking the 70-528 test, you should practice the following:
1. Create a new Web application and add Web Forms pages to the application.
2. Add Web server controls to a Web Form and configure their properties programmatically.
3. Create event handlers for a page or control at design time.
4. Manage state of an application by using client-based and server-based state management options.

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5. Maintain state of an application by using database technology.
6. Implement globalization and accessibility.
7. Use the SiteMap Web server control to display a representation of a Web site’s navigation structure.
8. Use validation controls to perform Web Forms validation.
9. Write an ASP.NET handler to generate images dynamically for display on a Web page.
10. Configure settings for a Web application in the Web.config file.
11. Manage a Web application’s configuration by using the Web Site Administration Tool.
12. Implement cross-page postbacks.
13. Convert HTML server controls to HTML elements.
14. Use tabular and hierarchical data source controls to return tabular and hierarchical data respectively.
15. Display data by using simple, composite, and hierarchical data-bound controls.
16. Configure a connection to a database graphically by using the Connection Wizard, Server Explorer, and the connection class.
17. Enumerate through instances of Microsoft SQL Server by using the DbProviderFactories.GetFactoryClasses method.
18. Control connection pooling by configuring ConnectionString values based on database type.
19. Perform transactions by using the ADO.NET Transaction object.
20. Retrieve data by using a DataReader object and build SQL commands visually in Server Explorer.
21. Perform database operations by using a command object.
22. Store and retrieve binary large object (BLOB) data types in a database.
23. Create an instance of the DataSet class programmatically.
24. Add and navigate a relationship between tables.
25. Populate a DataSet and update a database by using a DataAdapter.
26. Manage XML data with the XML Document Object Model
27. Read and write XML data by using the XmlReader and XmlWriter.
28. Create a composite Web application control.
29. Create a custom Web control that inherits from the WebControl class.
30. Develop a templated data-bound control.
31. Use a Web setup project to deploy a Web application to a target server.
32. Copy a Web application to a target server by using the Copy Web tool.
33. Precompile a Web application by using the Publish Web utility.
34. Troubleshoot a Web application by using ASP.NET tracing.
35. Optimize performance by using the ASP.NET Cache object.
36. Implement a consistent page design by using master pages.
37. Customize a Web page by using themes and user profiles.
38. Implement Web Parts in a Web application.
39. Establish a user’s identity by using forms authentication.
40. Implement Microsoft Windows authentication and impersonation.
41. Use login controls to control access to a Web application.
42. Create a mobile Web application project.
43. Use device-specific rendering to display controls on a variety of devices.
44. Use adaptive rendering to modify the appearance of Web server controls.

Check out 70-528-CSHARP, .NET 2.0 Web-based Application Development certification PrepKit>



]]> http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-528-csharp.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/skills-required-for-oracle-1z0-007-test.html http://examdirectory.com/skills-required-for-oracle-1z0-007-test.html#comments Sun, 27 Sep 2009 05:03:42 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/skills-required-for-oracle-1z0-007-test.html Oracle has specified more than forty objectives for 1Z0-007 (Introduction to Oracle9i: SQL) test, which are covered under thirteen topics. Following are some important areas over which one should have good command before taking the test:
1. Executing a basic SELECT statement.
2. Limiting the rows retrieved by a query.
3. Using character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements.
4. Writing SELECT statements to access data from more than one table by using equality and nonequality joins.
5. Viewing data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins.
6. Using group functions.

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7. Writing single-row and multiple-row subqueries.
8. Producing queries that require a substitution variable.
9. Inserting, updating, deleting, and merging rows in a table.
10. Creating, dropping, renaming, and truncating tables.
11. Creating and maintaining constraints.
12. Creating, altering, and dropping views.
13. Inserting, updating, and deleting data in base tables through views.
14. Performing Top ‘N’ Analysis.
15. Creating, maintaining, and using sequences.
16. Creating private and public synonyms.
17. Creating and maintaining indexes.
18. Creating and altering users.
19. Creating Roles to ease setup and maintenance of the security model.
20. Using the GRANT and REVOKE statements to grant and revoke privileges.

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>



]]> http://examdirectory.com/skills-required-for-oracle-1z0-007-test.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/comptias-cxk0-002-linux-2004-study-tips.html http://examdirectory.com/comptias-cxk0-002-linux-2004-study-tips.html#comments Wed, 16 Sep 2009 08:03:28 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/comptias-cxk0-002-linux-2004-study-tips.html Installation
• Fiber-optic cables use optical fibers to carry digital data signals in the form of modulated pulses of light.
• Enhanced Capabilities Port (ECP) is a high-speed parallel port developed by Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft in 1992. It offers improved performance for the parallel port and requires special hardware logic. ECP ports support high throughput communications.
• It is recommended to verify the hardware on the Linux hardware compatibility list before installing the operating system on a computer.
• The BNC connectors are required to join the network interface card in the computer with the coaxial network cable.
• Before installing Linux on a new computer, it is recommended to verify that each device is listed in the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL).
• An Error Correcting Code (ECC) memory module detects and corrects single-bit errors in memory.

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• XK0-002 Linux + (2004) (Linux Plus)
  Download link: http://www.ucertify.com/certifications/CompTIA/linux-plus.html
• The MKFS command is used to build a file system on a storage media such as a hard disk, floppy disk, etc.
• In Linux, the first IDE drive is mounted as /dev/hda and the second one as /dev/hdb. Similarly, the first partition of the first hard disk is represented as /dev/hda1 and so on.
• As data travels in fiber-optic cables as a light source, it can be affected by chromatic dispersion and attenuation.
• Network File System (NFS) is used to configure file servers on a network, so that users can store data in a central location.
• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) command is used to update, delete, rename, move, and copy files to a server.
• The FTP command is mostly used to distribute files over the Internet. In Linux, the FTP command requires the FTPD daemon that is started by INETD by default.
• The SNDCONFIG command is used to configure a sound card on a Linux computer. It automatically detects a plug-and-play sound card.
• X is often referred to as “X Windows” even though its proper name is “X”. It runs a graphical interface for a user in the same way as Microsoft Windows products do, but X can run sessions on remote computers. The configuration file of X is placed at etc/x11/xf86config.
• GNOME and KDE provide graphical desktop environment for Linux computers, which require the graphics card for display.
• The sound card normally uses a DMA channel. Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a technique that some components and devices use to transfer data directly to and from memory without passing through the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
• The three primary protocols that are used for configuring e-mail setup on the Internet are POP3, IMAP, and SMTP.
• The Xfree86 service is an implementation of the X Windows system. It is installed by default when a workstation installation is selected in Linux. It provides a graphical user interface to the users.
• For host name to IP address mapping, the DNS service is required to be installed on a Linux server.
• While using the FDISK utility, the p option is used to view all the existing partitions on a hard disk.
• The /home and /var file systems are used to store users’ data and log files respectively.
• The Linux kernel uses a swap partition to store memory data when the computer runs out of RAM.
• Swap partition is placed on the hard disk drive of a computer. It can be a primary or a logical partition. Multiple swap partitions can be placed on a single hard disk drive.
• FIPS is a third-party utility that can be used to modify the existing partition without losing the data in the disk drive.
• The partition type 85 refers to the Linux extended partition.
• The VFAT file system is compatible with the FAT file system in Windows. It is recognized by both Linux and Windows.
• Linux Loader (LILO) is the default boot loader (boot manager) for most of the Linux systems. It is used to boot a computer into Linux.
• The -t switch is used with the LILO command to test the changes made in the LILO configuration file. It is not used to write a new boot sector or map file, but instead it is used for tests only.
• The error codes of LILO are used to identify the issues that have occurred during the loading of LILO.
• When LILO loads itself, it displays the word LILO. Each letter is displayed before or after performing some specific actions. It can be used to identify issues and take further actions in case LILO fails at any point.
• You should run /sbin/lilo to restore LILO into the MBR.
• For a new installation, it is recommended to install LILO in the Master Boot Record (MBR). Linux provides two choices to locate LILO during installation: MBR, the first sector of the boot partition.
• The LI error code indicates that the first stage boot loader was able to load the second stage boot loader, but it had failed to execute it. This can either be caused by a geometry mismatch or by moving /boot/boot.b without running the map installer.
• You have made some changes in the /etc/lilo.conf file of a Linux computer. When you reboot the computer, the changes are not activated. The most likely cause of the issue is that LILO has not been executed after the changes are made in the configuration file.
• LILO should be placed in the first sector of the boot partition if dual-booting is required, as LILO may not work with the other operating system.
• The /etc/syslog.conf file contains the names and locations of system log files.
• The GRUB bootloader does not require to be rewritten after the configuration of the kernel has been changed.
• LILO uses the /etc/lilo.conf file as the default configuration file.
• The GNU zip (GZIP) utility is a compression utility that is used to compress files for saving space.
• RPM stands for Red Hat Package Manager. It is a command-based package management system that can be used for installing, uninstalling, querying, verifying, and updating computer software packages.
• Using the RPM command with the -U, -v, and -h switches will upgrade the package as well as provide additional information and print hash marks during the upgrade.
• The -q or –query switch is used with the RPM command to query the installed RPM packages.
• The Debian Package Management System (DEB) is a package manager that is used to create installation packages from binary code.
• To remove a package use the RPM -e command.
• The -f switch with the RPM command is used to list the package that owns the file specified after the switch.
• Linux uses INETD daemon to control most of the network services. INETD handles communication for these services by listening on their specific TCP/IP ports.
• The network services in a Linux computer are configured through the /etc/inetd.conf configuration file.
• MINICOM is a communication (dialing) program that is used to dial out from a Linux computer.
• For a Linux server to be configured as a file and print server on the network, the hard disk drive (HDD) is the most important factor to be considered by an administrator. As the file and print server mostly serves users for keeping their files and print queues, it requires lots of storage space.

Management

• The /proc file system is a virtual file system of the Linux operating system. It contains information about system resources.
• If there is no free space on the hard disk drive, users will not be able to write on it. To prevent this issue from happening again, you should track the amount of free space on the hard disk.
• The /var file system stores all variable files and temporary files created by users. It contains log files, the mail queue, the print spooler area, space for temporary storage of files downloaded from the Internet, etc.
• The MKFS command creates the risk of destroying data on a mounted file system.
• The FDISK command is used to obtain the summary of hard disk partitions.
• The MKFS command is used to format a floppy disk.
• The File System Check (FSCK) command is used to scan all disks and partitions, and it repairs them if required.
• The FSCK command should be run only on an unmounted file system.
• The FDISK command is used to create a partition on a new hard disk of a Linux computer.
• The superblock is an area in a storage device of a Linux computer. It stores various bits of information about a file system, such as a pointer to the free blocks structure, the number of free inodes, etc.
• The E2FSCK command is used to check the second extended file system (E2FS) of a Linux computer.
• The -f option with the E2FSCK command is used to enforce the command to check the file system even if the file system seems clean.
• The FDISK -l command is used to display the existing partitions on local hard drives in a Linux computer.
• The DU command is used to summarize disk usage.
• In Linux, the MOUNT command is used to mount and display disks, partitions, and file systems. Mounting refers to the process in which the operating system prepares the media to be read.
• NFS provides users shared access to files and directories.
• You can use the FILE command to display the file types of all the files in a directory at a time.
• The FIND command is a versatile method for locating files on a filesystem.
• A hard link is an index entry to reference a specific file. A hard link itself is not a file; it is the name-to-inode mapping contained in the directory file. Every file has at least one hard link, i.e., the filename by which it is known. As hard links are simply directory entries pointing to the same inode, any change to the inode or data is visible in each hard link. For example, if an administrator changes the permissions using one link, the permissions on other links will also get changed.
• The CHMOD command is used to change file access permissions in Linux.
• The CHOWN command is used to change the ownership of a file.
• The CHMOD command is used to change or edit file/folder permissions in Linux.
• When a set of numbers is assigned as permissions, the first number assigns permissions to the owner of the file or folder. The second number assigns permissions to the group, the third number to others.
• The sticky bit is a part of a permission set applied to files or folders. The sticky bit prevents others from deleting files from a folder. When the sticky bit is set on a directory, only the owner or root can unlink (delete) or rename the files in that directory. Without the sticky bit, anyone who is able to write to the directory can delete or rename the files.
• The tape archive (TAR) command combines a large number of files into a single file for archival purposes.
• The .TAR file extensions is used with a single file that is created by the TAR command.
• Use the TAR command with the -z option to create a compressed archive.
• The tape archive (TAR) command combines a large number of files into a single file for archival purposes.
• An incremental backup backs up files that have been changed or created since the last normal or incremental backup. It takes the backup of files of which the archive attribute is set.
• Linux uses the /etc directory to store administrative configuration files.
• The SHUTDOWN command brings a Linux server down in a secure way.
• In Linux, the /etc/inittab file describes the processes that are started up during boot up.
• The /etc/inittab file contains the configuration settings for several processes. It also contains settings for the actions to be performed after power failure. Administrators can specify the time period after which the server should start the shutdown process.
• A run level is a state of a Linux system. It defines which system services are operating.
• The INIT daemon is the parent of all processes. It creates processes from a script stored in the /etc/inittab file. INIT sets the following environment variables for all processes: path, init_version, runlevel, prelevel, and console.
• The INIT daemon is called after the kernel is loaded.
• The /etc/conf.modules file keeps the configuration of kernel modules.
• The kernel daemon scans this file to determine which module is to be loaded during the booting of a Linux computer.
• The /etc/shutdown.allow file keeps the list of account names of users that are allowed to shut down a Linux server.
• The INIT 3 command sets the runlevel to 3. Runlevel 3 of a Linux system sets the system to multi-user mode with networking.
• Single-user mode allows one user to log in and perform system maintenance tasks. A user is automatically logged into the computer as the root user when it boots in single-user mode.
• The PS command reports the status of processes that are currently running on a Linux computer.
• The -au switch with the PS command displays all processes owned by a specified user.
• The KILLALL command terminates multiple processes that are running with the same name.
• A high CPU time shows that a process is taking a high percentage of the processor time to run it. Such processes can be faulty processes. Faulty processes can usually be fixed by restarting the processes.
• The NICE command is used to run a process with the desired priority level. The priority level varies from 1 to 19. Level 1 is for the highest and level 19 is for the lowest priority. By default, every process runs with the priority level 10.
• The fiber-optic cable is immune to EMI.
• NETSTATis a command-line utility that displays protocol-related statistics and the state of current TCP/IP connections.
• PING is a command-line utility used to test connectivity with a host on a TCP/IP-based network.
• TRACEROUTE is a route-tracing utility that displays the path an IP packet takes to reach its destination.
• If the power cable runs along with the computer network cable, it is possible that radiation from the power cable, known as electromagnetic interference (EMI) , may be inducted into the computer network cable affecting the signals that pass through it.
• The NETSTAT command gets all this networking information by reading the kernel routing tables in the memory.
• The NETSTAT command with the -a switch produces all connections and listening ports.
• The WHODO command is used to determine what process each user is running.
• The VI is a visual interactive text editor that allows a user to create, modify, and store files on a Linux computer.
• The :q! command is used to quit from the VI editor without saving.
• The LPQ command is used to check a print queue.
• The LPRM command is used to remove a file from a print queue.
• The LPC command controls the operation of a line printer system.
• The LPR command is used to print a file in a Linux print server.
• The LPC command is used to control printers.
• The /etc/printcap file contains definitions for the printers configured for a computer.
• In order to assign a default lpr queue to the printer, it is required to edit the PRINTCAP file.
• The LPSTAT command provides printer status information. It displays status information about the current classes, jobs, and printers.
• TELNET is a command-line connectivity tool that starts terminal emulation with a remote host running the telnet server service.

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• The secure shell (SSH) command is used to remotely connect to a Linux computer. It uses Private-Key Cryptography to encrypt the entire session. This is the preferred command to log in remotely to a computer and to execute programs on that host.
• SSH uses Private-Key Cryptography to encrypt the entire session.
• The secure shell (SSH) command is used to remotely connect to a Linux computer.
• The SSH-KEYGEN command generates, manages, and converts authentication keys for Secure Shell. By using public-private keys, users will not have to provide passwords to communicate with other computers through SSH.
• Set the PermitRootLogin parameter to no in the sshd_config file. With this setting enabled, remote root logins will be denied.
• The YPWHICH command returns the name of the NIS server that supplies the NIS services to an NIS client.
• ECHO $shell command is used to know the name of the current shell.
• The ENV command is used to list the environment variables that are set on a Linux computer.
• The DONE expression is used to terminate the WHILE loop command.
• The USERADD command is used to create a new user account in a Linux server.
• The skeleton directory (/etc/skel) contains files that are automatically copied to a user’s home directory when that user is added to the system.
• The /etc/group file contains group information. This file shows which users are members of which groups.
• The /etc/default/useradd file contains the default information for adding users. The ADDUSER command retrieves the default information from this file to create a new user.
• The PASSWD command is used to change a specified user’s password.
• The /etc/passwd file contains the passwords and login information of users.
• The USERADD command is used to create a new user account.
• The USERMOD command is used to modify a user account.
• The USERMOD -c command is used to change the comment field of a user’s password file.
• The GROUPADD command is used to create a new group account.
• The REPQUOTA command with the -a switch is used to view the quotas of multiple users.
• Quotas cannot be assigned to a directory. They are assigned to users and groups and applied to partitions.
• EDQUOTA is a command line quota editor used to edit (or set) disk quota limits for users or groups.
• The SENDMAIL -q7m command should be used to process mails every seven minutes.
• In order to automate the task, the AT and CRON commands are used.
• The CRON daemon executes the CRON jobs at a specified schedule.
• The concatenate (CAT) command is used to display or print the contents of a file.
• The PS command reports the status of processes that are currently running on a Linux computer.
• The > command is used for storing the output generated by different commands. It creates a file specified to store the output. If the specified file already exists, it overwrites that file.
• The LS command is used to list files on a Linux computer.

Configuration

• The hosts.allow file is read first, and then the hosts.deny file. If access is granted to a service by the hosts.allow file, access is granted, and the hosts.deny file is ignored.
• SFTP is an interactive file transfer command that performs all operations over an encrypted transport.
• Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system used for locating domain names on private TCP/IP networks and the Internet. It provides a service for mapping DNS domain names to IP addresses and vice versa.
• Samba is a software package that enables Linux clients to connect to the network resources (such as file shares and printers on a network) with the computers that use the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol.
• Apache is a Web server based on HTTPd, a free server developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).
• Squid is a high-performance proxy and caching server for Web clients. It supports FTP, Gopher, and HTTP data objects. Squid handles requests in a single non-blocking, I/O-driven process.
• Sendmail is the most common mail server on the Internet. It is used to send and receive e-mails on a network. Incoming messages (e-mails) received by Sendmail are processed and stored in the /var/spool/mail directory.
• To enable users to access information from the server through their Web browsers, you will have to configure a Web server on the network.
• Squid supports SSL, extensive access controls, and full request logging.
• If a Linux system is configured to use DHCP, the network configuration will be performed at the time of booting.
• The /var/log/messages file is used by Samba to log startups and shutdowns of it. Generated errors in Samba are logged in /var/log/samba.
• Class A address has 8-bit of IP address for network and 24-bit for host.
• Class A IP addresses are assigned to networks with a large number of hosts. Class A allows for 126 networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network.
• The ROUTE command is used to add route in the route table.
• The /etc/fstab file contains a list of the file systems to be mounted automatically at startup.
• The /etc/mtab file is used to display the status of currently-mounted file systems in a Linux computer.
• The /etc/samba/smb.conf file is used to configure Samba.
• The BIND DNS server is used on the vast majority of name serving machines on the Internet, providing a robust and stable architecture on top of which an organization’s naming architecture can be built.
• Linux uses the Pump utility to assign IP addresses automatically to the client computers on a network.
• Keeping . (dot) in a root’s path is considered to be a major security concern. A hacker can use this place to keep his own version of well-known and highly used commands, such as LS. When the root user will run that command, the changed program will run with privileges of the root user. This can be one of the greatest security risks.

Security

• The sshd_config file is used to control the behavior of the SSH server.
• KILL is a command used to terminate a specified process.
• For VPN connections, Linux uses 3DES encryption.
• If commands are behaving abnormally, the most likely cause is that the security has been compromised.
• The switch user (SU) command is used to switch from one user login to another.
• SUDO is a Unix/Linux-based utility that provides an efficient way to give specific users permission to use specific system commands at the root level of a Linux operating system.
• If you do not specify any user account with the SU command, the command switches the login for the root user and prompts for the root user password. The -c switch with the SU command passes a single command to the shell. You can use the RM command with the -c option to remove the required files. The -rf switch with the RM command does not confirm the user before file deletion.
• By default, an application runs with the privileges of the user who runs the application.
• If an application requires superuser permission to write to other files and other users need to run it, change the application to SUID command.
• The FIND /-perm -4000 command will search the current directory and its sub-directories for all the files on which SUID has been set.
• SNORT is an open source network intrusion detection system. The SNORT application analyzes network traffic in realtime mode. It performs packet sniffing, packet logging, protocol analysis, and a content search to detect a variety of potential attacks. The SNORT application does not detect viruses, nor does it scan the hard disk drive.
• IPTABLES -F deletes (or flushes) every rule in the specified chain. If no chain is specified, it deletes the rules from all chains.
• The SUM command is used to verify that the MD5 checksum value is the same.
• When software files are downloaded from the Internet, your first step should be to check the entirety of each file. Most of the Internet sites list a checksum value for a file, which is calculated from the exact file contents. Mostly all checksum values are calculated using the MD5 algorithm.
• The UMASK command sets initial file permissions when files are created.
• The “x” character in the second field of the user account record of the /etc/passwd file indicates that the user account is using a shadow password.
• The password field set to * indicates that the account is disabled.
• The /etc/shadow file contains the shadowed password entries in Linux.
• The PWCONV command is used to convert password entries in the /etc/passwd file to shadowed passwords.
• The MKPASSWD command generates or assigns a random password to a user account in a Linux computer.
• After enabling shadowed passwords in a Linux server, the passwords are stored in the /etc/shadow file.
• TCP Wrappers authenticates a request by using the hosts.deny and hosts.allow files, and starts the required server service if the requesting client has the permission. By configuring these two files, you can protect your server from intruders who exploit services that are started with TCP Wrappers.
• CHROOT runs a command or an interactive shell with a special root directory.
• The W command displays currently logged-in users and their tasks.

Documentation

• The /etc/profile file is used to set a computer-wide environment and start-up programs for all users. Each time a user logs on, the computer reads this file.
• The TOP application is used to display a dynamic real-time view of a running system. It is used to display system summary information as well as a list of the tasks currently being managed by the Linux kernel.
• To improve the ability to provide user support, you should create a separate directory and store instructions for using all the installed applications in it.
• Linux Documentation Project is used to store Linux-related documentation. It offers a central source for all types of documents.
• Information on the root password, system file locations, and shadow file location must never be made public.
• The documentation of work performed on the Linux servers should be maintained in their respective locations in a file binder.
• While documenting a server, you should always document the daemon configuration and performance baseline.
• Log files store errors and warnings generated by a Linux system. In Linux, the SYSLOGD and KLOGD utilities are used for logging errors and debugging messages.
• The /var/log directory contains the log files in Linux.
• The time and date of user logins are written in the /var/log/wtmp file. Suspicious activities of users can be tracked down through this file.
• The kernel and system errors are written in the /var/log/messages file. Administrators should check this file daily for warning messages.
• The kernel and system errors are written in the /var/log/messages file. Administrators should check this file daily for warning messages.
• The TAIL command is used to view the last few lines of the log files that store the most recent log entries.
• The TAIL 35 /var/log/messages command will display the last thirty-five lines of the /var/log/messages log file.
• The results of the last system boot is written in the /var/log/dmesg file. It stores kernel messages that appear during the boot stage. This file helps in tracking down the boot time problems.
• The concatenate (CAT) command is used to display or print the contents of a file.
• The CAT /var/log/messages | MORE command will help display the contents of the file one screen at a time.
• The GREP command is used to search for a specific pattern of text in a file.
• The APROPOS command is used to search the Whatis database and display the short descriptions of the specified system command.
• The manual (MAN) pages contain the syntax, instruction, and information about programs and their options.

Hardware

• The real time clock uses IRQ 8.
• After installing the sound card, you restart the computer. Then you find that your another device on the computer has stopped working. This is the symptom of IRQ conflict.
• COM2 and COM4 serial ports use IRQ 3. COM1 and COM3 serial ports use IRQ 4.
• The memory mapped to input/output (I/O) adapters is used to specify memory address for peripherals.
• DMA is used by a hardware device to save time by transferring data to the memory without CPU intervention.
• Interrupt request (IRQ) is a method through which a device driver requests the microprocessor to provide service.
• When a request occurs, the microprocessor suspends the current operation and gives control to the device driver associated with the interrupt number issued.
• COM2 and COM4 use IRQ3 by default.
• Media Access Control (MAC) address is a numerical identifier that is unique for each network interface card (NIC). MAC addresses are 48-bit values expressed as twelve hexadecimal digits, usually divided into hyphen-separated pairs: for example, FF-00-F8-32-13-19. A MAC address consists of two parts. The first three pairs are collectively known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). The remaining part is known as device ID. The OUI is administered by IEEE. MAC addresses are also referred to as hardware addresses, Ethernet addresses, and universally administered addresses (UAAs).
• The floppy disk controller uses IRQ 6 by default.
• By default, a serial port device uses IRQ 4.
• The COM2 port (/dev/ttyS1) uses IRQ 3 by default.
• The first parallel port of a Linux workstation is represented by the /dev/lp0 identifier. All devices in Linux are defined in the /dev directory.
• The /dev/sda identifier represents the first drive on the first SCSI bus.
• In Linux, each device is represented by a file name. The first IDE hard disk drive is represented by the /hda file name. If a computer has more than one IDE drive, they are given file names /hdb, /hdc, and so on.
• The /dev directory contains files that represent access points to the devices installed on a Linux computer. These devices include terminal devices, floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, RAM, CD-ROMs, etc.
• IFCONFIG is a command-line tool that is used for network interface management.
• The first ethernet interface of a Linux computer is mounted as eth0. The IFCONFIG eth0 down command will disable the first ethernet interface.
• The IFCONFIG command with the up option activates the specified interface.
• The lo option with the IFCONFIG command is used to view the loopback interface.
• The /proc file system contains hardware configurations of a Linux computer.
• While the TOP application is running, pressing the ‘N’ key sorts data according to the % memory usage of the task.
• The down option with the IFCONFIG command is used to deactivate the specified interface.
• Sniffers tend to hear everything, so they put interfaces in “promiscuous mode,” i.e., they hear all traffic on the LAN, not just the traffic sent their way.
• Speed, expansion, and easy configuration of hardware devices is the prime benefits of using USB.
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 supports a data transfer rate of 400Mbps.
• Install a USB host adapter card on the motherboard to use the USB modem.
• According to the USB 2.0 standard, the maximum cable length between devices should be 5 meters.
• If you find that the floppy drive LED remains on continuously, the most likely cause of the issue is that the data cable is inserted backward at either the drive or the controller connection.
• Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card is also known as PC card. The PC card uses a small expansion slot and is primarily used in laptops.
• To enable the automatic shutdown of a Linux computer, UPS and Powerd daemon are required to be installed on the computer.
• A CD-ROM drive commonly uses the ATAPI interface.
• ATAPI technology is a standard for mass storage devices.
• ATAPI is used for extending EIDE.
• The SCSI controller uses the ID 7.
• SCSI devices do not use IRQs. They use SCSI IDs.
• A minimum of three disks are required for configuring disk striping with parity (RAID 5). If you want to configure a computer with a hot spare disk, at least one extra disk will be required.
• RAID-5 volume uses the storage capacity of one hard disk for keeping the parity information of the RAID.

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• XK0-002 Linux + (2004) (Linux Plus)
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>



]]> http://examdirectory.com/comptias-cxk0-002-linux-2004-study-tips.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-exam-70-646.html http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-exam-70-646.html#comments Sat, 12 Sep 2009 05:38:17 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-exam-70-646.html The PrepKit for Microsoft exam 70-646 is designed to help individuals prepare for the actual Microsoft exam 70-646. The Microsoft exam PRO: Windows Server 2008, Server Administrator (70-646) measures an individual’s skills for the operations and day-to-day management of an infrastructure of servers for an enterprise organization. Before taking the 70-646 exam, you should practice the following:
• Install Windows Server 2008 on two networked computers. During installation, through Setup, create a partition on the hard disks on which you should install Windows Server 2008 as a stand-alone server in a workgroup.

Pass 70-646 exam in the first attempt. Full featured Tests. 266 questions with answers and 159 study notes articles and exam tips:

Download link: http://www.ucertify.com/exams/Microsoft/70-646.html


• Use WDS for unattended installation.
• Use Windows SIM to create the autounattended.xml file.
• Make a Windows 2008 domain-based network of two computers.
• Install and configure DNS.
• Use Server Manager for server management.
• Use WSUS for implementing patch management strategy.
• Take backup of Active Directory and restore it.
• Work on storage management.
• Work on configuring server for service redundancy and service availability.
• Back up and recover data.

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]]> http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-exam-70-646.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/cisco-certified-network-associate-640-802-short-notes-exam-passing-tips.html http://examdirectory.com/cisco-certified-network-associate-640-802-short-notes-exam-passing-tips.html#comments Fri, 11 Sep 2009 06:54:29 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/cisco-certified-network-associate-640-802-short-notes-exam-passing-tips.html Describe how a network works
• A successful PINGing of a host exhibits the connectivity through layers 1, 2, and 3 of an OSI network model.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Telnet are application layer protocols of the Internet protocol (IP) suite.
• Cable modem is used to connect a CATV cable to a computer/router through an Ethernet interface.
• A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is used to connect wireless hosts to a wired LAN.
• The Gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-LX) standard supports a maximum cable length of 5000 meters.
• The 1000Base-LX/SX Ethernet types use fiber cables.
• The Session layer of the OSI model manages communication between communication entities in a network.
• The Session layer of the OSI model provides dialog management and assists the upper layers in connecting to services on the network.
  • 640-802 CCNA: ICND1 and ICND 2
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  OR

  • 640-816 – CCNA: ICND2
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  AND

  • 640-822 CCNA: ICND1
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  Either choose 640-802 as a single exam option or both the 640-816 and 640-822 to become the CCNA certified.

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• The Transport layer of the OSI model divides a message into smaller segments for the underlying protocols.
• The Transport layer manages data integration between communication entities in a network.
• The Transport layer defines the function of TCP and IP.
• The Session layer of OSI establishes virtual circuit session and provides user authentication.
• The Physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for packaging and transmitting data on the cable.
• A bridge operates at the data link layer of OSI.
• Intelligent hubs and bridges work at the data link layer of the OSI reference model.
• In order to configure a VLAN, switches are used to physically connect the computers.
• TCP works at the transport layer of the OSI reference mode.
• The Network Access layer is the only TCP/IP layer that uses both a header and a trailer to encapsulate data before a TCP/IP host transmits data on a network.
• The PDU information is only read by the peer layer on the receiving device and then stripped off, and data is handed over to the next upper layer.
• TCP and UDP operate in layer 4 (Transport) of the OSI model of networking.
• When a host transmits data across a network to another device, data is encapsulated with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model.
• Switches operate at the data link layer. They make forwarding decision based on layer 2 addresses.
• VoIP uses the UDP protocol.
• The TRACERT and PATHPING utilities can be used to determine the path between two hosts across a network.
• PATHPING shows the delay and packet loss along with the tracing of the path taken by TCP/IP packets to a remote computer.
• Buffering, windowing, and congestion avoidance are flow control mechanisms.
• The reassembly of a file at an FTP server has to maintain the correct order of information packets. The sequence number in the TCP header is used for it.
• The packet-switched service is more reliable than the circuit-switched service and cheaper than the cell-switched service.

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications

• An unshielded twisted-pair connection uses an RJ-45 connector.
• A 10BaseT Ethernet cable uses an 8-pin male connector.
• An RJ-11 connector is used by an analog modem to connect to a phone line.
• An RJ-45 connector is used to connect a 10BaseT Ethernet cable to an NIC on a desktop computer.
• RJ-45 connectors are used to connect a twisted-pair cable to a network adapter card.
• Thick Ethernet networks use DB-15 connectors.
• A straight tip (ST) connector is a fiber-optic connector used with multimode fiber. An ST connector has a 2.5mm shaft and bayonet locking ring, and allows quick connect and disconnect of 125 micron multi-mode fiber.
• The physical bus cable network requires 50-ohm terminators at both ends of a cable used to connect the computers in a network.
• The MT-RJ and LC connectors can be used with the SFF fiber-optic cables.
• 10GBASE-ER can cover transmission distances of up to 40KMs.
• Multimode fiber optic cables use SC type connectors.
• UTP cables use RJ-45 connectors.
• F-type connectors are used for cable modems.
• An F-type connector is required to connect a cable modem to the network.
• SC and ST connectors are old and the most common connectors used with fiber optic cables.
• Both BNC and F-type cables are used with co-axial cables.
• 10Base5 can transmit data up to a distance of 500 meters.
• The maximum segment length that a 1000BaseT network supports is 100 meters.
• 1000BASE-TX supports a maximum transmission distance of 100 meters.
• 1000BASE-SX uses multimode fiber-optic cables.
• The 10GBASE-SR standard uses multimode fiber optic cables.
• VLAN is used to isolate hosts and segments and to control broadcast traffic.
• Copy configuration changes from running-config to startup-config to make configuration changes permanent.
• A broadcast domain is a group of devices that receive broadcast frames generated by any device within the group. Router is the only device that stops the flow of broadcasts.
• A collision domain is a set of network interface cards (NICs) in which frames sent by different NICs of the same set might result in a collision. Routers, switches, and bridges create a separate collision domain for each interface, whereas hubs repeat all frames to all ports and do not create a separate collision domain for each interface.
• Console, Telnet, and Secure Shell (SSH) are three methods to access Cisco ISO CLI.
• The copy running-config startup-config command is used to overwrite the startup-config file by the contents of the running-config file
• A Cisco switch uses the RAM, Flash, ROM, and NVRAM memory types to store its configuration files.
• The write erase, erase startup-config, and erase nvram commands erase the startup-config file.
• The ARP -a command is used to display the contents of the ARP cache.
• In order to telnet a switch on a remote segment, a default gateway is required to be configured on both the telnet client and the switch.
• The SYST (System) mode of LED provides a quick overall status of a switch.
• Flashing green port LED at speed mode of a Cisco switch indicates a port speed of 1Gbps.
• The switch model 1900 with Enterprise IOS has a capability of 64 VLANs.
• CDP packets share information such as IOS version, hardware platform, device name, hardware capabilities, etc. of a device.
• A layer 2 switch analyzes layer 2 address, i.e., MAC address.
• Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)initiates the session in an X.25 network.
• VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) has three modes: server, client, and transparent. Each switch on a switched network must use one of the three modes.
• The VTP pruning feature enhances the network bandwidth in a switched network by reducing unnecessary flooded traffic.
• The VTP server mode is used to create, modify, and delete VLANs. This mode is also used to specify other configuration parameters, such as VTP pruning and VTP version, for the entire VTP domain.
• The situations in which a switch needs a VTP advertisement request are as follows:
  1. The VTP domain name has been changed.
  2. The switch has been reset.
  3. The switch has received a VTP summary advertisement with a higher configuration revision than its own.
• Micro-segmentation is a method or technology that allows the creation of private or dedicated segments. In this method, the network is divided into smaller segments to reduce the collision domains as well as broadcast domain-using VLAN. In this, each user receives instant access to the full bandwidth on the network and does not have to contend for available bandwidth with other users. This technology decreases broadcast traffic between these hosts. As a result, collisions do not occur.
• In case the domain has a single VTP server and it crashes, the easiest way to restore the VTP operation is to change any of the VTP clients in the domain to a VTP server.
• Bridges, switches, and routers can be used to segment a LAN.
• The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) packet contains the following information about a Cisco device:
  • Host name of the device
  • IOS software version
  • Capability list of the device such as routing, switching, and bridging
  • Hardware platform such as 1900, 2950, etc.
  • Address list (layer 3 addresses of the devices) of the devices
• Inter-Switch Link (ISL) is a trunking method developed by Cisco to use for Ethernet and Token Ring trunk connections. Most of the Cisco switches and routers that support trunking also support ISL except some older switches such as Catalyst 4000 switches. ISL encapsulates the original frame by adding a 26-byte header and a 4-byte trailer.
• The following are four types of switch trunking methods for routing traffic among VLAN: 802.1Q, 802.10, ISL, and LANE.
• The following tasks can be performed on a switch using the set trunk command:
  • Specifying the range of VLANs transmitted over the trunk
  • Establishing the trunk
  • Setting the trunking mode
• The on switch port mode sets the port to permanent trunking mode and sends DTP signals that attempt to initiate a trunk with the other side.
• In order to configure VTP and VLANs on the switch, you will have to take the following steps:
  1. Go to privileged mode.
  2. Specify VTP mode using the set vtp mode {client | server | transparent} command.
  3. Configure a VTP domain using the set vtp domain command.
  4. Create VLANs on the switch using the set vlan command.
  5. Assign ports to the VLAN using the set vlan command.
• In order to access configuration mode on the router, users will have to take the following steps:
  1. Enter into the enable mode using the enable command on EXEC prompt.
  2. At the privileged EXEC prompt, type the configure terminal command to enter into the global configuration mode.
  3. Enter the commands to configure interVLAN routing.
  4. Press CTRL-Z to exit from configuration mode.
• In order to view and save the configuration made on the router, Mark will have to take the following steps:
  1. Execute the show running-config command to view the current operating configuration at the privileged EXEC prompt.
  2. Execute the show startup-config command to view the configuration in NVRAM.
  3. Execute the copy running-config startup-config command to save the current configuration into NVRAM.
• In order to bring up the router interface that is administratively shutdown, users will have to take the following steps:
  1. On the global configuration mode, use the interface command to specify the interface to bring it up.
  2. Run the no shutdown command to bring the interface up and then press CTRL-Z to exit from configuration mode.
• In order to exchange VLAN information between switches, you will have to make sure that VTP information only passes through a trunk port. Hence, you will have to ensure that all ports that interconnect switches are configured as trunks and are actually trunking. Each switch in the VTP domain must use the same VTP version. VTP V1 and VTP V2 are not compatible on switches in the same VTP domain. The VTP domain name on the switches must be the same. The password should also be the same between the server and client switches.
• The following are the requirements for a VTP client or server switch to be connected to another VTP client or server switch:
  1. The linking port on both switches must work as VLAN trunk.
  2. VTP domain name for both the switches must be same.
  3. Password on both the switches must match.
• A switch configured with the transparent mode does not advertise its VLAN configuration and does not synchronize its VLAN configuration based on received advertisements. The switches with the transparent mode forward VTP messages they receive so that other clients and servers can receive a copy of the messages.
• In order to make a trunk to come up without DTP negotiation, configure the trunk mode as on or nonegotiate.
• If you configure a password for VTP, you must configure the password on all switches in the VTP domain. The password must be the same on all the switches in the VTP domain.
• VTP V2 is disabled by default on VTP V2 capable switches.
• The following are spanning tree timers that affect the entire spanning-tree performance:
  1. Hello timer: It determines how often the switch broadcasts its hello message to other switches.
  2. Forward-delay timer: It monitors the time spent by a port in the learning and listening states.
  3. Maximum-age timer: It measures the age of the received protocol information recorded for a port. This timer also ensures that the received protocol information is discarded when its age limit exceeds the value to the maximum age parameter recorded by the switch.
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), based on IEEE standard 802.1d, is used to prevent routing loops.
• In Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w), the following port states are available: Learning, forwarding, and discarding.
• The CTRL-N key combination recalls the most previously executed command on a command line.
• The ESC-F key combination is used to move the cursor forward one word at a time.
• In order to know the commands that were previously executed, users will have to use the show history command in enable mode on the IOS device.
• The CTRL-A key combination is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a command line.
• When the protect or restrict violation modes are configured, configure the port security rate limiter to protect the CPU against excessive load.
• There are three port security violation modes, namely Protect, Restrict, and Shutdown.
• The enable command is used to move from user mode to enable mode.
• Reload command works only in enable mode.

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• 640-802 CCNA: ICND1 and ICND 2
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OR

• 640-816 – CCNA: ICND2
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AND

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Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size enterprise branch office network.

• Private IP addresses can be assigned by many organizations at a time without any conflict, as packets from private addresses are not routed over the Internet. Moreover, these addresses allow users to share a single public IP address.
• To protect router’s configuration files from outside security threats, two actions should be taken:
  • Use firewall.
  • Use encrypted and authenticated medium, such as SSH, to access the configuration file.
• The following are the ranges for the three classes of private IP addresses used for networking.
  

  IP address range	Class
  10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255	Class A
  172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255	Class B
  192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255	Class C

• The show ip nat translations command provides information to verify the normal operation of NAT and PAT in a router.
• The clear ip nat translation command removes all the entries in the NAT table.
• Class B IP address ranges from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0.
• Listing public and private IP addresses.
• An IP address has two parts, network ID and host ID.
• Class E addresses are experimental addresses and are reserved for future use.
• Class A addresses are assigned to networks with large number of hosts. This allows for 126 networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network. Class B addresses are assigned to medium-sized to large-sized networks. This allows for 16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts per network. Class C addresses are used for small networks. This allows for 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts per network. Class D addresses are reserved for IP multicast addresses. Microsoft supports Class D addresses for applications to multicast data, to multicast-capable hosts, on an internetwork.
• 255.255.255.255 is the broadcast address for all nodes on a TCP/IP network.
• OSPF and RIPv2 support VLSM and route summarization.
• The show ipv6 route command displays IPv6 routes. This command executes in EXEC mode.
• IP addressing version 6 uses 128-bit address. Its unicast IP address assigned to a single host for allowing the host to send and receive data.
• 127.0.0.1 is a loop-back address.
• Class A address has 8-bit of IP address for network and 24-bit for host.
• The configure terminal privileged mode command is used to modify the running configuration manually on a router from the terminal.
• IPv6 addresses are hexadecimal numbers, made up of eight octet pairs. An example of an IPv6 address is 45CF: 6D53: 12CD: AFC7: E654: BB32: 543C: FACE.

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices.

• Protocols that work on Layer 3 of the OSI model, i.e. Network layer, provide logical addressing and path selection.
• Whenever a router receives a packet, it identifies the destination address of the packet and selects the best path to the destination network address by inspecting the routing table.
• Whenever a router receives a packet, it identifies the destination address of the packet and selects the best path to the destination network address by inspecting routing table.
• UDP headers do not include sequence and acknowledgement fields.
• The boot sequence of a router – POST > Copy bootstrap program from ROM into RAM and run the program > Load the operating system (IOS image) into RAM > Load the startup-config file into RAM as the running-config.
• The hexadecimal boot field value 1 in the configuration register loads the first IOS file found in Flash memory.
• The Cisco IOS file can be stored in Flash memory, a TFTP server, and ROM.
• Fiber-optic cables are used for high-speed, high-capacity data transmission. It uses optical fibers to carry digital data signals in the form of modulated pulses of light.
• The maximum segment length of a 10BaseT Ethernet network is 100 meters.
• UTP straight-through cable is used to connect a switch to a router.
• External CSU/DSU is connected to the router on its serial interface.
• To configure a router, a computer is connected to the console port of the router.
• A UTP rollover cable is used to connect a computer to the console port of a router.
• RIP-2 and IGRP use distance vector logic.
• RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, and Integrated IS-IS support VLSM.
• IOS includes three primary show commands for RIP verification. The three RIP operational commands are as follows:
  1. show ip interface brief
  2. show ip route [rip]
  3. show ip protocols
• The exit command moves back a user to the next higher mode in configuration mode.
• The prompt hostname (config-if)# is displayed in the command-line interface of a Cisco switch IOS for interface configuration access mode.
• A router is used for communication between the hosts of two different VLANs configured in a network.
• Inter VLAN communication gets affected if a router connecting VLANs fails.
• When the PING command is run, it will first use the ARP protocol to resolve the MAC address of the host. After resolving the MAC address, it will send an ICMP echo message to the specified host.
• The ip route command is used to add a static route to the routing table.
• The config-register global configuration command is used to set the configuration register value.
• RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF are classless protocols. RIPv1 and IGRP are classful protocols.
• The RIPv1 and IGRP routing protocols do not support VLSM.
• RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP are routing protocols. IP, Appletalk, IPX, and XNS are routed protocols.
• EIGRP uses the following types of packets: hello and acknowledgment, update, query, and reply.
• IS-IS and OSPF are link-state routing protocols. Both v1 and v2 versions of Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and IGRP are distance-vector routing protocols.
• The following are the interior gateway routing protocol: EIGRP, IGRP, OSPF, RIP, and IS-IS. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the only active Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP).
• OSPF supports the following three types of authentications:
  1. Null authentication
  2. Simple password authentication
  3. MD5
• For getting information about the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing process such as OSPF process ID and router ID on a router, user will have to use the show ip ospf command in EXEC mode.
• In order to change the designated router election process for the network, you will have to use the ip ospf priority command in interface configuration mode.
• In order to set the router priority at the default value of 1, you will have to use the no ip ospf priority command in interface configuration mode.
• The default administrative distance for OSPF is 110.
• The ip ospf priority command sets the router priority that helps in determining the OSPF designated router for a network.
• In order to configure OSPF to look up Domain Naming System (DNS) names for use in all OSPF show command displays, Administrators will have to use the following command in global configuration mode: ip ospf name-lookup
• Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol. It is an enhanced version on IGRP. It has faster convergence due to the use of triggered update and saving neighbor’s routing table locally. It supports VLSM and routing summarization. As EIGRP is a distance vector protocol, it automatically summarizes routes across Class A, B, and C networks. It also supports multicast and incremental updates and provides routing for three routed protocols such as IP, IPX, and AppleTalk.
• The EIGRP protocol has the features of distance-vector as well as link-state routing protocols.
• The telnet command is used to test that all the seven layers of the OSI reference model are functioning properly.
• Cisco routers allow a maximum of five concurrent Telnet connections per context.
• The RESUME command is used to resume a suspended Telnet connection.
• Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) uses multicast frames at the data link layer to learn about the other CDP-supporting devices on the network.
• The show cdp neighbors detail command provides detailed information of switches and routers connected to a router/switch.
• The default administrative distance for IGRP,OSPF,IS-IS, and RIP are 100, 110, 115, and 120 respectively.
• The default administrative distance value of a static route is 1.
• The show ip interfaces brief command is used to view status of all interfaces on a router.
• The debug ppp authentication command is used to enable debugging for CHAP or PAP on a Cisco router.
• The show version command displays the following information on a router:
  • The time and date the system last started.
  • The version of the IOS operating system.
  • The version of the ROM bootstrap
  • The version of the boot loader.
  • The amount of RAM installed in the device.
  • The hostname of the device.
  • The uptime for the system.
  • The number of terminal lines on the router if a router has asynchronous serial lines attached.
  • The configuration register on the device
• The debug ip rip command is used to display information on RIP routing transactions. It is used in the privileged EXEC mode.
• The debug ip routing command is used to display information on the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing table and route cache updates. This command is used in the privileged EXEC mode.
• The debug ip security command displays information for both basic and extended IP security options for the interfaces.
• The no debug ip udp command is used to disable logging of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets sent and received.
• The debug ip tcp driver command is used to display information on TCP driver events such as connections opening or closing, or packets being dropped because of full queues. This command will be used in privileged EXEC mode.
• The debug ip SSH command is used to display debug messages for Secure Shell. This command will be used in EXEC mode. By default, debugging for SSH is disabled.
• A global command makes changes to the entire router.
• The copy flash tftp command is used to copy the current IOS from the router flash memory to a TFTP server.
• The show process cpu command is used to check a router’s CPU utilization.
• The service password-encryption command configures a router to encrypt all passwords entered after the command has been executed, as well as all passwords already on the running configuration. This command will be executed in global configuration mode.
• In order to set the privilege level for a command, users will have to use the privilege level global configuration command.
• The enable command is used to get into privileged mode on a router.
• The no service password-encryption command removes encryption only when the password is changed.
• The enable secret command stores password in a hidden form in the configuration file.

Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN

• IEEE 802.11b is an extension of the 802.11 standard. It is used in wireless local area networks (WLANs) and provides 11 Mbps transmission speeds in the bandwidth of 2.4 GHz.
• IEEE is responsible for standardization of wireless LAN.
• FCC regulates interstate and international wireless communications.
• ITU-R is responsible for managing the assignment of frequencies for wireless communication.
• The 802.1X IEEE standard is defined to enhance security of Wireless LANs.
• The 802.11i standard of IEEE defines the security of WLAN.
• To bridge two WAPs, use Yagi-Uda antennas.
• The 801.11a wireless LAN standard is least affected by interference from domestic appliances.
• The 802.11a standard of wireless communication uses OFDM technology for transmitting signals.
• To increase the WLAN coverage area, omnidirectional antennas are used.
• A wireless client learns about each access point (AP) and its SSID through beacon process.
• 802.11g WAP uses 2.4GHz range, which is also used by some home appliances, such as microwave ovens. The route cause for interferences.
• The 801.11a wireless LAN standard is least affected by interference from domestic appliances.
• The 801.11a wireless LAN standard is least affected by interference from domestic appliances.
• Performance and range of WLAN is degraded by interferences and solid obstacles such as concrete wall and metal ceiling.

Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats.

• Attackers make Denial-of-Service attacks by sending a large number of protocol packets to a network.
• In a brute force attack, an attacker uses software that keeps trying password combinations until the correct password is found.
• A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is mounted with the objective of causing a negative impact on the performance of a computer or network.
• To disable ping from the host outside the internetwork, the ICMP protocol should be blocked through ACL.
• IPS tools can prevent attacks by filtering traffic.
• DES uses a 56-bit key to encrypt data and AES uses minimum of 128-bit and a maximum of 256-bit key to encrypt data.

Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

• By default, Cisco routers support up to five simultaneous VTY line sessions, and no passwords are assigned to these VTY lines. Cisco routers have built-in security that forces the use of password to access the router through a VTY line session.
• Port 20 is reserved for FTP data.
• The IPX Standard ACL uses numbers in the range of 800-899.
• The IP Standard ACL uses numbers in the range of 1-99.
• In order to remove an access control list from a router, the no access-list command will be used. This command will be executed in enabled mode.
• NAT will always be configured on the border router as it is directly connected the Internet. This will allow internal computer to connect to the Internet.
• Inside global is a NAT addressing term. It is the registered (public) IP address that represents the inside host in a private network to the outside network.
• NAT only translates one (and only one) IP address to another without using ports
• PAT uses port number to keep the uniqueness of internal hosts.
• SDM is an Internet browser-based tool to configure the Cisco router for LAN, WAN, and security.
• It is required to establish an IP connectivity of the router on the local LAN to install and access SDM.
• Use the ping utility to verify that you are able to connect to the router from a local host on the LAN in order to use SDM to configure the router.

Implement and verify WAN links.

• The default gateway address is the IP address of the interface of the router that is connected to the internal network.
• Pulse-code modulation is a standard for converting analog voice to a digital signal.
• In order to communicate to the remote segment of the routed network, it is required to provide the default gateway address on the client computers.
• Cable modems do not support symmetric speeds.
• ATM is also called a cell-switching service.
• Symmetric DSL means that the link speed in each direction is the same.
• A DSL modem uses frequencies higher than 4000Hz.
• DSLAM receives signals from multiple customer DSL connections and places the signals on a high-speed backbone line using multiplexing techniques.
• Frame relay is a switched data link layer protocol that handles multiple virtual circuits. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) specifies a data encapsulation method on synchronous serial links using frame characters and checksums.
• 802.1X specification defines the authentication method for wireless access.
• Link Access Procedure Frame mode bearer services (LAPF) encapsulation is used in Frame Relay between a DTE and a DCE.
• Following are standards for Frame Relay Local Management Interface (LMI):
  1. ANSI Annex D
  2. Gang of Four (Cisco)
  3. ITU-T Annex A
• IETF encapsulation is interoperable with all vendors’ Frame Relay equipments.
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) has two levels of service, Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI).
• A connectionless service is a technique used in data communications. It is used to transfer data at the Transport Layer of the OSI model. The service does not require a session or a virtual circuit connection between the sender and the receiver. This service is less reliable, but faster than a connection-oriented service. In this type of service, packets do not need to arrive in a specific order and no acknowledge is required. In contrast with the connection-oriented service, it consumes less bandwidth on a network. IPX, IP and UDP are connectionless protocols or services.
• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is a term that refers to the size of the largest packet that a given layer of a communications protocol (such as TCP) can transmit. MTU parameters appear in association with a communications interface such as NIC, etc. On the Ethernet network, MTU is fixed. MTU can also be decided at connecting time for the connections, such as point-to-point serial links. A higher MTU brings higher bandwidth efficiency. A small MTU size generates more overhead and more acknowledgements that have to be sent and handled. MTU size is measured in bytes.
• Following are the steps in correct order for establishing a virtual circuit in an X.25 network:
  1. The source DTE sends a packet to the local DCE.
  2. The local DCE packet binder sends a packet to the nearest packet switch exchange.
  3. The packet switch exchange sends a packet to the next remote DCE.
  4. The remote DCE examines a packet header of destination DTE.
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a type of cell-switched connection used for transmitting data, voice, video, and frame relay traffic.
• Leased lines are used for short distance connections and when you have a constant amount of traffic on the connection with a requirement of guaranteed bandwidth.
• X.25 and Frame Relay are types of packet-switched connection.
• Intranet VPN connects computers at two sites of the same organization. Each site uses a VPN device for creating the VPN. This type of network is used to connect company’s headquarters, remote offices, and branch offices over a shared infrastructure using dedicated connections. Extranet VPN connects computers at two sites of different organizations or corporate intranets. Each site uses a VPN device for creating this type of VPN. This type of VPN is used to connect a company’s customers, suppliers, and partners to a company’s intranet over a shared infrastructure using dedicated connections. Access VPN connects Internet users to a company network. In this type of VPN, user’s computer or laptop itself is the end of a VPN tunnel instead of Internet access router. It provides remote access to a corporate intranet or extranet over a shared infrastructure with the same policies as a private network. Hence, it enables users to access their company’s network resources from home or any other remote site.
• Link Control Protocol (LCP) negotiates and sets up PPP settings on the WAN data link.
• Network Control Protocol (NCP) is a component of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) involved in protocol negotiation in order to establish a PPP connection.
• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is the most common encapsulation used for dial-up connections.
• A PPP frame is made by the following fields: Flag, Address, Control, Protocol, Data, and Frame Check Sequence.

Download links for CCNA certification exam PrepKits:

• 640-802 CCNA: ICND1 and ICND 2
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• 640-816 – CCNA: ICND2
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AND

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Either choose 640-802 as a single exam option or both the 640-816 and 640-822 to become the CCNA certified

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]]> http://examdirectory.com/cisco-certified-network-associate-640-802-short-notes-exam-passing-tips.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-adobe-test-9a0-058.html http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-adobe-test-9a0-058.html#comments Fri, 11 Sep 2009 05:23:21 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-adobe-test-9a0-058.html The Adobe Flash CS3 exam measures your knowledge and expertise in Flash CS3. Before taking the 9A0-058 exam, you should practice the following:
1. Effectively use Libraries, Timelines, Buttons, MovieClips, Text, Symbols and Instances, and Sound in Flash movie.
2. Use dot syntax notation.
3. Create and use custom classes.
4. Use the Debugger.
5. Apply filters on movie clips and text.
6. Use Core Classes that include Array, Boolean, Date, Math, Number, String, TextField, MovieClip, LoadVars, Color, XML, Error, SharedObject.

Pass 9A0-058 exam in the first attempt. Full featured Tests. 418 questions with answers and 148 study notes articles and exam tips:

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7. Use Flash UI Components that include Accordion, Alert, Button, CheckBox, ComboBox, DataGrid, DataHolder, DataChooser, DataField, Label, List, Loader, MediaController, MediaDisplay, MediaPlayback, MenuBar, NumericStepper, PopUpManager, ProgressBar, RadioButton, RadioButtonGroup, ScrollBar, ScrollPane, TextArea, TextInput, Tree, and Window in ActionScript 3.
8. Integrate the Flash movie with WebService, WebServiceConnector, XML, XMLConnector, LoadVars, Flash Remoting, DataSet, Binding, XUpdateResolver, RDBMSResolver and DeltaPacker.
9. Create dynamic text boxes (HTML text formatting, call an external text file (loadVars), input text boxes/create forms, Serif vs. San serif, text components, scroll, tab, Relative vs. Absolute scaling effects, Alias vs. Anti-aliased).
10. Use basic actions: stop, gotoAndPlay (Stop), getURL, loadMovie.
11. Attach ActionScript to timelines.
12. Create basic actions such as stop, gotoAndPlay (Stop), getURL, and loadMovie.
13. Define events.
14. Create timeline defined events.
15. Load data from external sources.
16. Create sound completion event.
17. Create and export custom components.
18. Work with Movie Clip properties.
19. Use frame labels.
20. Use 3D elements.
21. Work with Onion Skinning.
22. Work with layers.
23. Create a Video object.
24. Create animation with tweening: Shape and Motion.
25. Create frame-by-frame animation.
26. Create animation with ActionScript.
27. Work with Keyframes, blank keyframes, frames, etc.
28. Scale, rotate, and translate objects and instances.
29. Publish Flash applications (Publish Settings formats- Flash, HTML, GIF, JPEG, Mac/ PC projectors (executables)).

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]]> http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-adobe-test-9a0-058.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-620.html http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-620.html#comments Mon, 07 Sep 2009 09:00:33 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-620.html The Microsoft test 70-620 is for candidates who have at least one year experience in the IT field. The candidates typically provide phone support at various levels in a wide range of environments. The test 70-620 measures a candidate’s ability to resolve issues concerning network connectivity, desktop operating systems, security, and applications. Their experience should also include addressing logon problems, performing password resets, and resolving most issues with desktop applications. Before taking the 70-620 test, you should practice the following:
1. Create partitions in a hard disk and format partitions as FAT and NTFS file systems.
2. Install Windows Vista on a computer. Installation includes:
   • Clean installation
   • Upgrade from previous versions of Windows
   • Upgrade from one edition of Windows Vista to another edition
3. Install and configure Windows Vista drivers.
4. Configure Windows Aero.
5. Configure Parental Controls.
6. Configure Windows Internet Explorer 7 and configure dynamic security for it.
7. Configure User Account Control.
8. Configure Windows Defender.
9. Configure Windows Firewall.
10. Configure networking through the Network and Sharing Center utility.
11. Configure Remote Access.
12. Configure Windows Mail.
13. Configure Windows Meeting Space.
14. Configure Windows Calendar.
15. Configure Windows Fax and Scan.
16. Configure Windows Sidebar.
17. Configure Windows Update.
18. Configure Data Protection.

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]]> http://examdirectory.com/things-to-practice-for-microsoft-test-70-620.html/feed 0 http://examdirectory.com/current-generation-of-certifications.html http://examdirectory.com/current-generation-of-certifications.html#comments Sat, 08 Aug 2009 15:16:08 +0000 admin http://examdirectory.com/?p=152 Microsoft has released a new three-tiered certification hierarchy. It consists of three series and four credentials that introduce an entry-level Technology Series composed of the “Technology Specialist” credential, a Professional Series composed of the “IT Professional” and “Professional Developer” credentials, and the Master Series composed of the “Master” credential. There also exists a new Architect Series composed of the “Microsoft Certified Architect” program, which consists of a Review Board interview.

Technology Series (MCTS)

The Technology Specialist certifications enable professionals to target specific technologies, and are generally the first step toward the Professional-level certifications. There are currently 20 MCTS certifications, which can be roughly grouped into the following specializations, each requiring certain examinations to be passed:

Office Specializations

Managing Projects with Microsoft Office Project 2007

• Exam 70-632: Microsoft Office Project 2007, Managing Projects

Enterprise Project Management with Microsoft Office Project Server 2007

• Exam 70-633: Microsoft Office Project Server 2007, Managing Projects

Forefront Client and Server, Configuration

• Exam 70-557: Microsoft Forefront Client and Server, Configuration

Office SharePoint Server 2007, Configuration

• Exam 70-630: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Configuring

Office SharePoint Server 2007, Application Development

• Exam 70-542: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 – Application Development

.NET Framework Specializations

.NET Framework 2.0 Web Applications

• Exam 70-528: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Web-Based Client Development
• Exam 70-536: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Application Development Foundation

.NET Framework 2.0 Windows Applications

• Exam 70-526: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Windows-Based Client Development
• Exam 70-536: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Application Development Foundation

.NET Framework 2.0 Distributed Applications

• Exam 70-529: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Distributed Application Development
• Exam 70-536: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Application Development Foundation

SQL Server Specializations

SQL Server 2005

• Exam 70-431: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 – Implementation and Maintenance

SQL Server 2005 Business Intelligence

• Exam 70-445: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Business Intelligence – Implementation and Maintenance

Business Intelligence Specializations

BizTalk Server 2006

• Exam 70-235: Developing Business Process and Integration Solutions Using Microsoft BizTalk Server

Live Communications Server 2005

• Exam 70-262: Office Live Communications Server 2005-Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting

Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Configuration

• Exam 70-236: Exchange Server 2007, Configuring

Windows Specializations

Windows Mobile 5.0 Applications

• Exam 70-540: Microsoft Windows Mobile 5.0 – Application Development

Windows Mobile 5.0, Implementing and Managing

• Exam 70-500: Microsoft Windows Mobile 5.0, Implementing and Managing

Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, Application Development

• Exam 70-541: Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 – Application Development

Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, Configuration

• Exam 70-631: Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, Configuring

Windows Server 2003 Hosted Environments, Configuration and Management

• Exam 70-501: Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Hosted Environments, Configuring and Managing

Windows Vista and 2007 Microsoft Office System Desktops, Deploying and Maintaining

• Exam 70-624: Deploying and Maintaining Windows Vista Client and 2007 Microsoft Office System Desktops

Windows Vista Configuration

• Exam 70-620: Windows Vista, Configuring

Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration

• Exam 70-640: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory, Configuring

Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

• Exam 70-642: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuring

Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration

• Exam 70-643: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure, Configuring

Professional Series

Microsoft Certified Professional Developer (MCPD)

These certifications are designed for .NET software developers and are based around .NET 3.5, Visual Studio 2008 and SQL Server 2005/2008.

Windows Developer 3.5

• Exam 70-536: Microsoft .NET Framework – Application Development Foundation
• Exam 70-505: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Forms Application Development
• Exam 70-563 (PRO): Designing and Developing Windows Applications Using the Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5

ASP .NET Developer 3.5

• Exam 70-536: Microsoft .NET Framework – Application Development Foundation
• Exam 70-562: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5, ASP.NET Application Development
• Exam 70-564 (PRO): Designing and Developing ASP.NET Applications Using the Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5

Web Developer, Visual Studio 2005

• Exam 70-528: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Web-Based Client Development
• Exam 70-536: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 – Application Development Foundation
• Exam 70-547 (PRO): Designing and Developing Web Applications by Using the Microsoft .NET Framework

Enterprise Applications Developer 3.5

• Exam 70-503: TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Communication Foundation Application Development
• Exam 70-505: TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Forms Application Development
• Exam 70-536: TS: Microsoft .NET Framework – Application Development Foundation – applicable to both .NET 2.0 and .NET 3.5
• Exam 70-561: TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5, ADO.NET Application Development
• Exam 70-562: TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5, ASP.NET Application Development
• Exam 70-565 (PRO): Designing and Developing Enterprise Applications using Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5

Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)

The Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) credential is the leading certification for Microsoft. It provides widely recognized, objective validation of your ability to perform critical, current IT job roles by using Microsoft technologies to their best advantage.

These certifications are designed for IT professionals including administrators and support personnel in addition to database specialists (both administrators and developers).

Business Intelligence Developer

• MCTS: SQL Server 2005 Business Intelligence
• Exam 70-446 (PRO): Designing a Business Intelligence Infrastructure by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005

Consumer Support Technician

• MCTS: Windows Vista Configuration
• Exam 70-623 (PRO): Supporting and Troubleshooting Applications on a Windows Vista Client for Consumer Support Technicians

Database Developer

• MCTS: SQL Server 2005
• Exam 70-441 (PRO): Designing Database Solutions by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Open License 6.0
• Exam 70-442 (PRO): Designing and Optimizing Data Access by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005

Database Administrator

• MCTS: SQL Server 2005
• Exam 70-443 (PRO): Designing a Database Server Infrastructure by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005
• Exam 70-444 (PRO): Optimizing and Maintaining a Database Administration Solution by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005

Enterprise Messaging Administrator

• MCTS: Exchange Server 2007 Configuration
• Exam 70-237 (PRO): Designing Messaging Solutions with Microsoft Exchange Server 2007
• Exam 70-238 (PRO): Deploying Messaging Solutions with Microsoft Exchange Server 2007

Enterprise Project Management with Microsoft Office Project Server 2007

• MCTS: Managing Projects with Microsoft Office Project 2007
• MCTS: Enterprise Project Management with Microsoft Office Project Server 2007
• Exam 70-634 (PRO): Microsoft Office Project Server 2007, Managing Projects and Programs

Enterprise Support Technician

• MCTS: Windows Vista Configuration
• Exam 70-622 (PRO): Supporting and Troubleshooting Applications on a Microsoft Windows Vista Client for Enterprise Support Technicians

Server Administrator

• MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration
• MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration
• Exam 70-646 (PRO): Windows Server 2008, Server Administrator

Enterprise Administrator

• MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration
• MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration
• MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration
• MCTS: Windows Vista Configuration OR MCTS: Windows Vista and 2007 Microsoft Office System Desktops, Deploying and Maintaining
• Exam 70-647 (PRO): Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Administrator

Master Series

Architect Series

The Architect Series is completely different from the Technology Specialist and Professional series, composed of a five-week training session, at a cost of $25,000. Candidates are paired with an existing Microsoft Certified Architect for the duration of the program who mentor and provide guidance to complete a series of tasks. At the conclusion the candidate must submit a report and pass a Review Board interview.

The Architect Series is very similar to other industry professional certification programs, such as the Certified Practicing Engineer (CPEng) offered by Engineers Australia.
There are two primary tracks in the Architect Program:

Technology-based Architecture

There are two MCA Certifications in the Technology-based Architecture track:

• Messaging (Microsoft Exchange Server)
• Database (Microsoft SQL Server focused on OLTP

Broad Architecture

This track is designed for professionals that use a variety of Microsoft and non-Microsoft technologies to deliver customer solutions. Again there are two primary tracks:

• Infrastructure certifications
• Solutions certifications

uCertify: http://www.ucertify.com
uCertify India: http://www.ucertify.in
uCertify PrepEngine: http://www.prepengine.com
Download link: http://www.ucertify.com/download.html>



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